Uses the Herman–Chomsky propaganda model and Lippmann's insight about perception to build a repeatable routine for extracting signal from incentive-shaped coverage.
Section 01Scholarly Synthesis
Why Framing Precedes Facts
Lippmann showed we're told about the world before we see it. Separating the event from the framing is step one.
Section 02Scholarly Synthesis
The Five Filters
Ownership, advertising, sourcing, flak, and ideology shape news structurally — no conspiracy required. Ask whose interests a framing serves.
Section 03Scholarly Synthesis
A Routine That Works
Find the primary source, read across the aisle, watch for engineered emotion, note omissions, and hold confidence proportional to evidence.
Sources cited