Source Library
The evidence, with its credibility noted
Primary texts, early-church writings, historical records, academic commentary, and wellness references — each tagged by source type and accompanied by a candid note on its evidentiary value.
Source type
Scripture
"In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. ... And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we have seen his glory."
Gospel of John — The Word
John 1:1, 1:14 (ESV) · c. 90–110 CEScripture
"He was pierced for our transgressions; he was crushed for our iniquities; upon him was the chastisement that brought us peace, and with his wounds we are healed."
Isaiah 53 — The Suffering Servant
Isaiah 53:5 (ESV) · c. 6th century BCEScripture
"For I delivered to you as of first importance what I also received: that Christ died for our sins ... that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day ... and that he appeared to Cephas, then to the twelve."
1 Corinthians 15 — Early Resurrection Creed
1 Corinthians 15:3–5 (ESV) · c. 53–55 CEEarly Church
"We believe in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only Son of God, begotten from the Father before all ages ... true God from true God, begotten not made, of one substance (homoousios) with the Father."
The Nicene Creed
Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed · 325 / 381 CEHistorical Record
"About this time there lived Jesus, a wise man ... He was [called] the Christ. And when Pilate ... had condemned him to be crucified, those who had first come to love him did not cease."
Josephus — Antiquities (Testimonium Flavianum)
Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 18.63 · c. 93–94 CEHistorical Record
"Christus, from whom the name had its origin, suffered the extreme penalty during the reign of Tiberius at the hands of ... Pontius Pilatus."
Tacitus — Annals on the Christians
Tacitus, Annals 15.44 · c. 116 CEAcademic
"Scribes copying the New Testament introduced changes — most accidental, some intentional — yet the vast majority are trivial, and the discipline of textual criticism reconstructs the earliest readings with considerable confidence."
Ehrman — Misquoting Jesus
Ehrman, Misquoting Jesus (2005) · 2005Academic
"The Gospels are close to the testimony of named eyewitnesses, and ancient practices of memory and transmission make a strong case for their substantial reliability."
Bauckham — Jesus and the Eyewitnesses
Bauckham, Jesus and the Eyewitnesses (2006) · 2006Academic
"The conscious and intelligent manipulation of the organized habits and opinions of the masses is an important element in democratic society. Those who manipulate this unseen mechanism ... constitute an invisible government."
Bernays — Propaganda
Bernays, Propaganda (1928) · 1928AI / Tech
"Surveillance capitalism unilaterally claims human experience as free raw material for translation into behavioral data ... fabricated into prediction products that are sold in behavioral futures markets."
Zuboff — The Age of Surveillance Capitalism
Zuboff, The Age of Surveillance Capitalism (2019) · 2019AI / Tech
"Personalization filters serve up a kind of invisible autopropaganda, indoctrinating us with our own ideas ... and leaving less room for the chance encounters that bring insight and learning."
Pariser — The Filter Bubble
Pariser, The Filter Bubble (2011) · 2011Scripture
"Though he was in the form of God, [he] did not count equality with God a thing to be grasped, but emptied himself, taking the form of a servant ... Therefore God has highly exalted him and bestowed on him the name that is above every name."
Philippians 2 — The Christ Hymn
Philippians 2:6–11 (ESV) · c. 60–62 CEScripture
"The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God. ... And a voice came from heaven, 'You are my beloved Son; with you I am well pleased.'"
Gospel of Mark — The Earliest Gospel
Mark 1:1, 1:11 (ESV) · c. 65–75 CEScripture
"I saw in the night visions, and behold, with the clouds of heaven there came one like a son of man ... and to him was given dominion and glory and a kingdom."
Daniel 7 — The Son of Man
Daniel 7:13–14 (ESV) · c. 2nd century BCEScripture
"My God, my God, why have you forsaken me? ... they have pierced my hands and feet — I can count all my bones — they divide my garments among them, and for my clothing they cast lots."
Psalm 22 — The Forsaken Sufferer
Psalm 22:1, 16–18 (ESV) · c. 10th–6th century BCEEarly Church
"One and the same Christ ... acknowledged in two natures, without confusion, without change, without division, without separation ... the property of each nature being preserved."
The Chalcedonian Definition
Definition of Chalcedon (451) · 451 CEEarly Church
"There is one Physician ... both of flesh and of spirit, born and unborn, God in man ... Jesus Christ our Lord."
Ignatius of Antioch — Letters
Ignatius, Letter to the Ephesians 7 · c. 107–110 CEEarly Church
"There are two ways, one of life and one of death, and there is a great difference between the two ways."
The Didache — Teaching of the Twelve
Didache 1.1 · c. 50–120 CEHistorical Record
"They were in the habit of meeting on a certain fixed day before it was light, when they sang ... a hymn to Christ, as to a god, and bound themselves by a solemn oath not to do any wicked deeds."
Pliny the Younger — Letter to Trajan
Pliny, Letters 10.96 · c. 112 CEHistorical Record
"Since the Jews constantly made disturbances at the instigation of Chrestus, he [Claudius] expelled them from Rome."
Suetonius — Life of Claudius
Suetonius, Claudius 25 · c. 121 CEAcademic
"The historian must explain why Christianity arose and took the shape it did. The early Christian belief in Jesus' bodily resurrection ... requires a sufficient cause."
N.T. Wright — The Resurrection of the Son of God
Wright, The Resurrection of the Son of God (2003) · 2003Academic
"Devotion to Jesus as divine erupted suddenly and early ... not gradually and late, as a result of pagan influence."
Larry Hurtado — Lord Jesus Christ
Hurtado, Lord Jesus Christ (2003) · 2003Academic
"There are no substantial doubts about the general course of Jesus' life: when and where he lived, approximately when and where he died, and the sort of thing that he did."
E.P. Sanders — The Historical Figure of Jesus
Sanders, The Historical Figure of Jesus (1993) · 1993Academic
"A man who was merely a man and said the sort of things Jesus said would not be a great moral teacher. He would either be a lunatic ... or else he would be the Devil of Hell."
C.S. Lewis — Mere Christianity
Lewis, Mere Christianity (1952) · 1952Academic
"The pictures inside people's heads do not automatically correspond with the world outside ... We are told about the world before we see it."
Walter Lippmann — Public Opinion
Lippmann, Public Opinion (1922) · 1922Academic
"Propaganda is needed in the exercise of power for the simple reason that the masses have come to participate in political affairs ... It must be total, continuous, and orchestrated."
Jacques Ellul — Propaganda
Ellul, Propaganda (1962) · 1962Academic
"The media serve ... to inculcate and defend the economic, social, and political agenda of privileged groups. The 'propaganda model' identifies five filters through which news passes."
Herman & Chomsky — Manufacturing Consent
Herman & Chomsky, Manufacturing Consent (1988) · 1988Academic
"The Party told you to reject the evidence of your eyes and ears. It was their final, most essential command. ... Who controls the past controls the future."
George Orwell — Nineteen Eighty-Four
Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949) · 1949Academic
"The ideal subject of totalitarian rule is ... people for whom the distinction between fact and fiction ... and the distinction between true and false ... no longer exist."
Hannah Arendt — The Origins of Totalitarianism
Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism (1951) · 1951Academic
"A reliable way to make people believe in falsehoods is frequent repetition, because familiarity is not easily distinguished from truth."
Daniel Kahneman — Thinking, Fast and Slow
Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow (2011) · 2011Academic
"There are six basic ... principles of influence: reciprocation, commitment and consistency, social proof, liking, authority, and scarcity."
Robert Cialdini — Influence
Cialdini, Influence (1984) · 1984AI / Tech
"What Orwell feared were those who would ban books. What Huxley feared was that there would be no reason to ban a book, for there would be no one who wanted to read one."
Neil Postman — Amusing Ourselves to Death
Postman, Amusing Ourselves to Death (1985) · 1985AI / Tech
"The Net seizes our attention only to scatter it ... We become mindless consumers of data, our deep-reading and contemplative faculties atrophying."
Nicholas Carr — The Shallows
Carr, The Shallows (2010) · 2010AI / Tech
"Models are opinions embedded in mathematics ... The privileged are processed by people, the masses by machines."
Cathy O'Neil — Weapons of Math Destruction
O'Neil, Weapons of Math Destruction (2016) · 2016AI / Tech
"The core process that allows social media to make money ... is the relentless, subtle, even unnoticed manipulation that takes place over a long period of time."
Jaron Lanier — Ten Arguments for Deleting Your Social Media
Lanier, Ten Arguments (2018) · 2018AI / Tech
"Today's social movements can scale up quickly ... but they often lack the organizational depth that older movements developed, leaving them fragile."
Zeynep Tufekci — Twitter and Tear Gas
Tufekci, Twitter and Tear Gas (2017) · 2017Wellness
"Traditional medicine ... is the sum total of knowledge, skills and practices ... used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of illness."
WHO — Traditional Medicine Strategy
WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy 2014–2023 · 2013–2023Wellness
"Systematic reviews identify, appraise and synthesize all the empirical evidence that meets pre-specified eligibility criteria to answer a specific research question."
Cochrane — Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Library (systematic reviews) · ongoingScripture
"My soul is very sorrowful, even to death ... My Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me; nevertheless, not as I will, but as you will."
Gethsemane — 'Let this cup pass'
Matthew 26:38–39 (ESV) · c. 80–90 CEScripture
"This is my body, which is given for you. Do this in remembrance of me. ... This cup that is poured out for you is the new covenant in my blood."
The Last Supper — 'This is my body'
Luke 22:19–20 (ESV) · c. 53–90 CEScripture
"Again the high priest asked him, 'Are you the Christ, the Son of the Blessed?' And Jesus said, 'I am, and you will see the Son of Man seated at the right hand of Power.'"
Before the Sanhedrin — 'I am'
Mark 14:61–62 (ESV) · c. 65–75 CEScripture
"For this purpose I have come into the world — to bear witness to the truth. Everyone who is of the truth listens to my voice. Pilate said to him, 'What is truth?'"
Before Pilate — 'What is truth?'
John 18:37–38 (ESV) · c. 90–110 CEScripture
"When Jesus had received the sour wine, he said, 'It is finished,' and he bowed his head and gave up his spirit. ... one of the soldiers pierced his side with a spear, and at once there came out blood and water."
The Crucifixion — 'It is finished'
John 19:30, 19:34 (ESV) · c. 90–110 CEScripture
"All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them ... teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you."
The Great Commission
Matthew 28:18–20 (ESV) · c. 80–90 CEScripture
"For God so loved the world, that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life."
John 3:16 — The Gospel in a Sentence
John 3:16 (ESV) · c. 90–110 CEScripture
"For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, and are justified by his grace as a gift, through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus ... For the wages of sin is death, but the free gift of God is eternal life."
Romans — Sin, Grace, and Justification
Romans 3:23–24; 6:23 (ESV) · c. 57 CEScripture
"He has appeared once for all at the end of the ages to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself. ... by a single offering he has perfected for all time those who are being sanctified."
Hebrews — The Final Sacrifice
Hebrews 9:26; 10:14 (ESV) · c. 60–90 CEScripture
"Truly, truly, I say to you, before Abraham was, I am. So they picked up stones to throw at him."
The 'I AM' Claim
John 8:58–59 (ESV) · c. 90–110 CEScripture
"For then there will be great tribulation, such as has not been from the beginning of the world until now ... But concerning that day and hour no one knows, not even the angels of heaven, nor the Son, but the Father only."
The Olivet Discourse — Tribulation Foretold
Matthew 24:21, 24:36 (ESV) · c. 80–90 CEScripture
"These are the ones coming out of the great tribulation. They have washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb."
Revelation — The Great Tribulation
Revelation 7:14 (ESV) · c. 95 CEEarly Church
"...suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried; he descended to the dead. On the third day he rose again ... and is seated at the right hand of the Father."
The Apostles' Creed
The Apostles' Creed · c. 2nd–4th century CEAcademic
"Clearly, the weight of historical and medical evidence indicates that Jesus was dead before the wound to his side was inflicted ... death by crucifixion was, in essence, an agonizing death by asphyxia."
JAMA — On the Physical Death of Jesus Christ
JAMA 255(11), 1455–1463 (1986) · 1986Academic
"The passion narratives are the earliest connected accounts in the Gospel tradition ... blending memory, scriptural reflection, and theological interpretation."
Raymond Brown — The Death of the Messiah
Brown, The Death of the Messiah (1994) · 1994Scripture
"For we do not wrestle against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the cosmic powers over this present darkness, against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly places."
Ephesians 6 — The Unseen Battle
Ephesians 6:12 (ESV) · c. 60 CEAcademic
"The modern, global belief in flying saucers and their occupants is identical to ... the fairy-faith ... and other forms of belief ... down through the ages."
Jacques Vallée — Passport to Magonia
Vallée, Passport to Magonia (1969) · 1969Wellness
"Despite extensive research, to date there is no evidence to conclude that exposure to low-level electromagnetic fields is harmful to human health [within established guideline limits]."
WHO / ICNIRP — Electromagnetic Fields and Health
WHO Fact Sheets on EMF; ICNIRP Guidelines · ongoingHistorical Record
"The Committee finds that the domestic activities of the intelligence community at times violated specific statutory prohibitions and infringed the constitutional rights of American citizens."
The Church Committee Report
Final Report of the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations (1976) · 1976Historical Record
"We could develop a Communist Cuban terror campaign in the Miami area ... casualty lists in U.S. newspapers would cause a helpful wave of national indignation."
Operation Northwoods (Declassified)
Joint Chiefs of Staff memorandum, 'Justification for U.S. Military Intervention in Cuba' (1962) · 1962 (declassified 1997)Academic
"The seven common propaganda devices: Name-Calling, Glittering Generality, Transfer, Testimonial, Plain Folks, Card Stacking, and Band Wagon."
Institute for Propaganda Analysis — The Seven Devices
Institute for Propaganda Analysis, 'How to Detect Propaganda' (1938) · 1937–1938Academic
"Ordinary people, simply doing their jobs, and without any particular hostility on their part, can become agents in a terrible destructive process."
Stanley Milgram — Obedience to Authority
Milgram, Obedience to Authority (1974) · 1974Academic
"The conscious and intelligent manipulation of the organized habits and opinions of the masses is an important element in democratic society."
Edward Bernays — Engineering of Consent
Bernays, 'The Engineering of Consent' (1947) · 1947AI / Tech
"The government was collecting and storing the communications of everyone it possibly could ... not because it was looking for a particular suspect, but because it could."
Edward Snowden — Permanent Record
Snowden, Permanent Record (2019) · 2019AI / Tech
"Before the prospect of an intelligence explosion, we humans are like small children playing with a bomb ... The proper attitude is one of intense study."
Nick Bostrom — Superintelligence
Bostrom, Superintelligence (2014) · 2014AI / Tech
"We exploited Facebook to harvest millions of people's profiles ... and built models to exploit what we knew about them and target their inner demons."
Christopher Wylie — Mindf*ck
Wylie, Mindf*ck (2019) · 2019