Natural Wellness track
Natural Healing Knowledge Library

Herbs, foods & practices — evidence-labeled.

Traditional plant and lifestyle wisdom, kept honest. Every entry separates traditional use from modern evidence, lists risks and interactions, and names when to see a clinician.

Educational only

This content is educational and does not replace professional medical diagnosis or treatment. Consult a qualified clinician — especially for chronic illness, pregnancy or breastfeeding, medication use, infants and children, severe or worsening symptoms, or emergencies. Natural remedies are not guaranteed substitutes for urgent medical care.

Red-flag symptoms — seek urgent care
Chest pain or pressureDifficulty breathing or shortness of breathStroke-like signs (face droop, arm weakness, speech trouble)Signs of severe infection (high fever, confusion, stiff neck)Uncontrolled or heavy bleedingSuspected poisoning or overdoseSeizuresSevere allergic reaction (swelling, throat tightness, hives + faintness)Pregnancy complicationsInfant or young-child illness

Andrographis

Andrographis paniculata

An intensely bitter 'King of Bitters' with decent evidence for reducing cold severity and duration when taken early.

Stronger human evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Cayenne

Capsicum annuum

A hot pepper whose capsaicin has solid evidence in topical creams for nerve and joint pain, and folk use for circulation.

Stronger human evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Ginger

Zingiber officinale

Among the best-supported botanicals for nausea, with multiple positive human trials.

Stronger human evidence
Generally low risk

Kava

Piper methysticum

A Pacific-island root drink with genuine evidence for relieving anxiety — and a real liver-safety controversy.

Stronger human evidence
High caution — significant risks

Peppermint

Mentha × piperita

Good trial support for IBS symptom relief with enteric-coated oil.

Stronger human evidence
Generally low risk

St. John's Wort

Hypericum perforatum

One of the best-studied herbs for mild-to-moderate depression — and the single most dangerous for drug interactions.

Stronger human evidence
High caution — significant risks

Aloe Vera

Aloe barbadensis

The clear leaf gel is well-used topically for minor burns, sunburn, and irritation; the latex (yellow sap) is a harsh laxative.

Limited human evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Amla (Indian Gooseberry)

Phyllanthus emblica

A vitamin-C-rich Ayurvedic fruit used as a rejuvenating antioxidant tonic.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Arjuna

Terminalia arjuna

An Ayurvedic heart-tonic bark with preliminary trials for heart-function and angina support.

Limited human evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Ashwagandha

Withania somnifera

Among the better-studied adaptogens, but trials are small and short.

Limited human evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Asian Ginseng

Panax ginseng

The premier TCM 'qi' tonic, used for energy, stress resilience, and mental performance.

Limited human evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Astragalus (Huang Qi)

Astragalus membranaceus

A foundational TCM immune and energy tonic, often used preventively in cold season.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Bilberry

Vaccinium myrtillus

A wild blueberry relative rich in anthocyanins, traditionally used for eyes, vision, and capillary/circulation health.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Bitter Melon

Momordica charantia

A bitter gourd food/medicine used for blood-sugar support across Asian traditions.

Limited human evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Black Cohosh

Actaea racemosa

A Native American root widely used for menopausal symptoms like hot flashes.

Contested / mixed evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Black Pepper

Piper nigrum

The everyday spice; its piperine stimulates digestion and dramatically boosts absorption of other compounds (e.g., turmeric).

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Boswellia (Frankincense)

Boswellia serrata

The frankincense resin, used in Ayurveda for joints and inflammation with some supportive trials.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Brahmi (Bacopa)

Bacopa monnieri

An Ayurvedic 'brain tonic' with some trial support for memory and learning over weeks of use.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Bupleurum

Bupleurum chinense

A central TCM 'liver-qi mover' (chai hu) used in formulas for stress, irritability, and liver harmony.

Limited human evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Calendula

Calendula officinalis

Some human evidence for topical skin soothing; popular and gentle.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Cannabis / Marijuana

Cannabis sativa / indica

A plant with a long medicinal history and growing modern evidence: best-supported for chronic pain, chemotherapy nausea, appetite (in wasting illness), and muscle spasticity (MS); purified CBD is FDA-approved for certain rare epilepsies.

Contested / mixed evidence
High caution — significant risks

Caraway

Carum carvi

A carminative seed used (often with peppermint) to ease bloating, cramping, and indigestion.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Cardamom

Elettaria cardamomum

A fragrant spice used to ease nausea, bloating, and bad breath, and to 'lighten' heavy foods.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Cat's Claw

Uncaria tomentosa

An Amazonian vine bark with preliminary trials for joint inflammation and immune modulation.

Limited human evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Celery Seed

Apium graveolens

A seed used traditionally for gout, joint pain, and as a diuretic.

Limited human evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Chamomile

Matricaria chamomilla

Small studies suggest modest relaxation/sleep benefit; gentle and well tolerated.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Chanca Piedra (Stonebreaker)

Phyllanthus niruri

A tropical herb named 'stone-breaker' for its traditional use with kidney stones; some preliminary support.

Limited human evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Chasteberry (Vitex)

Vitex agnus-castus

A berry long used for PMS and menstrual-cycle complaints, acting on hormonal signaling.

Contested / mixed evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Cinnamon

Cinnamomum verum / cassia

A warming culinary spice with preliminary evidence for blood-sugar support.

Contested / mixed evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Clove

Syzygium aromaticum

A eugenol-rich spice famous as a numbing remedy for toothache and a warming digestive.

Limited human evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Comfrey

Symphytum officinale

The classic 'knitbone' — allantoin-rich leaf/root used topically to speed healing of bruises, sprains, and wounds.

Limited human evidence
High caution — significant risks

Cordyceps

Cordyceps / Ophiocordyceps

A prized TCM fungus traditionally used for stamina, lung support, and recovery.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Cranberry

Vaccinium macrocarpon

A tart berry with moderate evidence for helping PREVENT (not treat) recurrent urinary-tract infections.

Contested / mixed evidence
Generally low risk

Cumin

Cuminum cyminum

A warming digestive spice used for gas, bloating, and to kindle appetite; small trials suggest metabolic benefits.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Dan Shen (Red Sage)

Salvia miltiorrhiza

A major TCM 'blood-moving' root studied for circulation and heart health.

Limited human evidence
High caution — significant risks

Devil's Claw

Harpagophytum procumbens

A southern African root with reasonable evidence for easing osteoarthritis and low-back pain.

Limited human evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Echinacea

Echinacea purpurea

Evidence is genuinely mixed — some trials show small benefit for cold duration, others none.

Contested / mixed evidence
Generally low risk

Elderberry

Sambucus nigra

Small human trials suggest reduced symptom duration; evidence base is limited and partly industry-funded.

Limited human evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Evening Primrose

Oenothera biennis

A GLA-rich seed oil used for eczema, PMS, and breast tenderness; trial results are mixed.

Contested / mixed evidence
Generally low risk

Fennel

Foeniculum vulgare

A sweet, aromatic seed used to relieve gas, bloating, and colic, and traditionally to support milk supply.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Fenugreek

Trigonella foenum-graecum

A seed/spice used for blood sugar, digestion, and traditionally to support milk supply in nursing mothers.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Feverfew

Tanacetum parthenium

A daisy-family herb with some evidence for reducing migraine frequency when taken regularly.

Limited human evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Garlic

Allium sativum

Best evidence is for small reductions in blood pressure and cholesterol; cold-prevention evidence is weaker and mixed.

Contested / mixed evidence
Generally low risk

Ginkgo

Ginkgo biloba

An ancient tree whose leaf extract is studied for circulation and memory; trial results are mixed.

Contested / mixed evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Goji Berry

Lycium barbarum

A sweet 'longevity' berry used as a liver/eye tonic and antioxidant nourisher.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Goldenseal

Hydrastis canadensis

A berberine-rich root traditionally used for mucous-membrane and digestive complaints.

Limited human evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Gotu Kola

Centella asiatica

A 'longevity herb' used for wound healing, skin, and cognition.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Grape Seed

Vitis vinifera

An antioxidant-rich seed extract studied for blood-vessel and circulatory health.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Griffonia (5-HTP source)

Griffonia simplicifolia

A West African seed naturally rich in 5-HTP, used for mood and sleep.

Limited human evidence
High caution — significant risks

Guggul

Commiphora mukul

A myrrh-relative resin used in Ayurveda for joints, cholesterol, and weight; modern results are mixed.

Contested / mixed evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Gymnema

Gymnema sylvestre

An Ayurvedic 'sugar destroyer' leaf that blunts sweet taste and has preliminary blood-sugar evidence.

Limited human evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Hawthorn

Crataegus spp.

Some human trials suggest adjunctive benefit in mild heart failure — but this is a serious condition that needs a physician, not self-treatment.

Limited human evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Hibiscus

Hibiscus sabdariffa

A tart red 'sorrel' flower tea with decent evidence for modestly lowering blood pressure.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Holy Basil (Tulsi)

Discern
Ocimum sanctum

Limited but encouraging human data for stress and metabolic markers.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Hops

Humulus lupulus

The bittering flower of beer, used as a sedative for sleeplessness and restlessness, often with valerian.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Lavender

Lavandula angustifolia

Reasonable evidence for mild anxiety relief (especially standardized oral oil) and relaxation.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Lemon Balm

Melissa officinalis

Small trials suggest mild benefit for stress, sleep, and (topically) cold sores; gentle and pleasant.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Licorice Root

Glycyrrhiza glabra

Useful demulcent with real soothing action, but whole licorice carries serious dose-dependent risks; DGL avoids the main hazard.

Limited human evidence
High caution — significant risks

Lion's Mane

Hericium erinaceus

A culinary-medicinal mushroom studied (preliminarily) for nerve growth, focus, and mood.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Maca

Lepidium meyenii

An Andean root food used for energy, stamina, libido, and menopausal well-being.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Magnolia Bark

Magnolia officinalis

A TCM bark (hou po) used to relieve 'stuck' tension, bloating, and to calm the mind for sleep.

Limited human evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Milk Thistle

Silybum marianum

Evidence is mixed; possible benefit in some liver conditions, not a proven cure.

Contested / mixed evidence
Generally low risk

Moringa

Moringa oleifera

Strong as a nutritious food; medicinal claims are early and need larger trials, but the nutrient density is real.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Mucuna (Velvet Bean)

Mucuna pruriens

A bean naturally high in L-DOPA, studied for mood, libido, and Parkinson's symptoms.

Limited human evidence
High caution — significant risks

Neem

Azadirachta indica

An Ayurvedic 'pharmacy tree' used topically for skin complaints and as an antimicrobial.

Limited human evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Olive Leaf

Olea europaea

The biblical olive's leaf (oleuropein) used for immunity and with preliminary evidence for blood pressure.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Onion

Allium cepa

A kitchen staple with garlic-like sulfur compounds; folk syrups use it for coughs, and it supports heart health.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Passionflower

Passiflora incarnata

A calming vine with small trials supporting mild anxiety relief and better sleep.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Pine Bark (Pycnogenol)

Pinus pinaster

A maritime-pine bark extract rich in proanthocyanidins, studied for circulation, vein, and skin health.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Prickly Pear (Nopal)

Opuntia spp.

A desert cactus food/medicine with preliminary evidence for blood-sugar and cholesterol support.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Red Clover

Trifolium pratense

An isoflavone-rich blossom traditionally used for menopausal symptoms and as a 'blood purifier' for skin.

Contested / mixed evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Red Raspberry Leaf

Rubus idaeus

A nutritive 'woman's tonic' leaf, traditionally used in late pregnancy to tone the uterus and for menstrual comfort.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Reishi

Ganoderma lucidum

The 'mushroom of immortality' — an adaptogenic fungus used for immunity, calm, and sleep.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Rhodiola

Rhodiola rosea

Among the more promising adaptogens for fatigue and stress, but trials are small and short.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Rosemary

Salvia rosmarinus

An aromatic culinary herb associated with memory and concentration, and used to stimulate digestion and circulation.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Saffron

Crocus sativus

The world's costliest spice, with surprisingly decent trial evidence for mild-to-moderate depression and PMS.

Limited human evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Sage

Salvia officinalis

Some trial support for sore-throat relief (gargle/spray) and preliminary cognition/hot-flash data.

Limited human evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Saw Palmetto

Serenoa repens

A berry traditionally and popularly used for prostate/urinary symptoms in men; trial results are mixed.

Contested / mixed evidence
Generally low risk

Schisandra

Schisandra chinensis

A 'five-flavor' adaptogenic berry used for liver support, stamina, and stress resilience.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Shatavari

Asparagus racemosus

A premier Ayurvedic women's tonic ('she who has a hundred husbands') used across the female life cycle and for digestion.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Shea Butter

Vitellaria paradoxa

A rich West African nut butter used topically to moisturize, soothe, and protect dry or irritated skin.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Shiitake

Lentinula edodes

A culinary mushroom with immune-supporting beta-glucans (lentinan) and good nutrition.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Stinging Nettle

Urtica dioica

Limited human evidence for allergy and prostate symptoms; nutritious as a cooked green.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Thyme

Thymus vulgaris

Some human trial support for cough (combination products); culinary use is safe.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Tribulus

Tribulus terrestris

A spiny fruit popularly marketed for libido, 'testosterone,' and athletic performance; human evidence is weak and mixed.

Contested / mixed evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Triphala

Three-fruit blend (Amalaki, Bibhitaki, Haritaki)

A foundational Ayurvedic three-fruit formula used for gentle digestion and regularity.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Turkey Tail

Trametes versicolor

A common shelf fungus whose compounds (PSK/PSP) are studied as immune support alongside cancer care.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

Turmeric

Curcuma longa

Promising but inconsistent for joint and inflammatory symptoms; bioavailability is a major limitation.

Contested / mixed evidence
Generally low risk

Uva Ursi (Bearberry)

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

A traditional urinary antiseptic (arbutin/hydroquinone) for short-term bladder support.

Limited human evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Valerian

Valeriana officinalis

Evidence is genuinely mixed — some trials show modest sleep benefit, others none; quality varies widely.

Contested / mixed evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

White Mulberry

Morus alba

Leaf and fruit used in TCM; the leaf has preliminary evidence for blunting blood-sugar spikes.

Limited human evidence
Generally low risk

White Peony

Paeonia lactiflora

A classic TCM blood tonic (often with licorice) used to relax cramps and regulate the menstrual cycle.

Limited human evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Willow Bark

Salix spp.

The original 'herbal aspirin' — bark rich in salicin, traditionally used for pain, fever, and inflammation.

Limited human evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Baobab

Adansonia digitata

The vitamin-C- and fiber-rich fruit of the African 'tree of life,' used for digestion and as a nutritive tonic.

Preclinical evidence
Generally low risk

Bitter Leaf

Vernonia amygdalina

A West African vegetable/medicine used for blood sugar, digestion, and traditionally for fevers.

Preclinical evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Chaga

Inonotus obliquus

A birch-tree fungus rich in antioxidants, traditionally brewed as an immune and anti-inflammatory tea.

Preclinical evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Chinese Skullcap

Scutellaria baicalensis

A 'heat-clearing' TCM root (huang qin) rich in baicalin, studied for inflammation and antimicrobial effects.

Preclinical evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Coptis (Goldthread)

Coptis chinensis

An intensely bitter, berberine-rich TCM root (huang lian) for 'damp-heat' digestive and skin complaints.

Preclinical evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Epimedium (Horny Goat Weed)

Epimedium spp.

A 'kidney-yang' tonic (yin yang huo) popularly used for libido, energy, and bone/joint support.

Preclinical evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Guduchi (Giloy)

Tinospora cordifolia

An Ayurvedic immune 'rejuvenator' (amrita, 'nectar of immortality') used in fevers and for immunity.

Preclinical evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Kanna (Sceletium)

Sceletium tortuosum

A South African mood herb traditionally chewed for stress relief; modern interest as a natural mood-lifter.

Preclinical evidence
High caution — significant risks

Maitake

Grifola frondosa

'Hen of the woods' — a culinary mushroom studied for immune and blood-sugar support.

Preclinical evidence
Generally low risk

Oregano

Origanum vulgare

Mostly preclinical; human evidence is limited. Oil is potent and must be diluted.

Preclinical evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Pau d'Arco

Handroanthus impetiginosus

A South American inner-bark (lapacho) traditionally used for infections and as an immune/antifungal tonic.

Preclinical evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Punarnava

Boerhavia diffusa

An Ayurvedic diuretic 'rejuvenator' ('renews the body') used for fluid retention and kidney/liver support.

Preclinical evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Rooibos

Aspalathus linearis

A caffeine-free South African 'red bush' tea rich in antioxidants, enjoyed daily and studied for heart/metabolic support.

Preclinical evidence
Generally low risk

Self-Heal

Prunella vulgaris

A common lawn 'woundwort' used topically on cuts and as a cooling tea for sore throats.

Preclinical evidence
Generally low risk

Shilajit

Asphaltum (mineral pitch)

A mineral-rich Himalayan 'rock exudate' (fulvic acid) used as a rejuvenating tonic for energy and vitality.

Preclinical evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Usnea (Old Man's Beard)

Usnea spp.

Genuine lab-level antimicrobial activity (usnic acid); human evidence is lacking and internal safety is a real concern.

Preclinical evidence
Moderate — observe cautions

Ajwain (Carom)

Trachyspermum ammi

A pungent thyme-flavored seed used for gas, indigestion, and congestion.

Traditional use
Moderate — observe cautions

Anise

Pimpinella anisum

A licorice-flavored seed used for gas, colic, and as a gentle expectorant for coughs.

Traditional use
Generally low risk

Atractylodes

Atractylodes macrocephala

A key TCM 'spleen-qi' tonic (bai zhu) used for poor digestion, fatigue, and fluid retention.

Traditional use
Generally low risk

Bay Leaf

Laurus nobilis

The familiar cooking leaf, also used as a digestive carminative tea.

Traditional use
Generally low risk

Bee Balm (Wild Bergamot)

Monarda fistulosa

A thymol-rich native mint used as an antimicrobial tea for colds, sore throats, and digestion.

Traditional use
Generally low risk

Boneset

Eupatorium perfoliatum

A traditional 'break-bone fever' herb for flu-like aches and fevers.

Traditional use
Moderate — observe cautions

Buchu

Agathosma betulina

A South African Khoisan herb used as a urinary antiseptic and diuretic for bladder discomfort.

Traditional use
Moderate — observe cautions

Burdock Root

Arctium lappa

Nutritious root vegetable with traditional skin/digestive use; human evidence is thin.

Traditional use
Generally low risk

California Poppy

Eschscholzia californica

A gentle, non-addictive sedative poppy (not opium) used for anxiety, restlessness, and sleep.

Traditional use
Generally low risk

Catnip

Nepeta cataria

A mild, family-friendly mint used as a calming tea for restlessness, upset stomach, and colds (it relaxes humans, not just cats).

Traditional use
Generally low risk

Chickweed

Stellaria media

A cooling, soothing weed used topically for itchy, irritated skin and as a gentle edible green.

Traditional use
Generally low risk

Chinese Rhubarb

Rheum palmatum

A powerful TCM purgative root (da huang) used short-term for constipation and 'heat.'

Traditional use
High caution — significant risks

Chrysanthemum (Ju Hua)

Chrysanthemum morifolium

A cooling flower tea used in TCM for colds, headaches, and tired eyes.

Traditional use
Generally low risk

Cleavers

Galium aparine

A folk lymphatic/urinary herb with essentially no modern human evidence — included for honest tradition-keeping.

Traditional use
Generally low risk

Codonopsis (Dang Shen)

Codonopsis pilosula

A gentle, food-like 'poor man's ginseng' used as a milder qi and immune tonic.

Traditional use
Generally low risk

Coltsfoot

Tussilago farfara

A traditional cough herb whose name means 'cough plant.'

Traditional use
High caution — significant risks

Coriander (Cilantro Seed)

Coriandrum sativum

A cooling culinary seed used for bloating, indigestion, and as a gentle diuretic.

Traditional use
Generally low risk

Damiana

Turnera diffusa

A Central American aromatic leaf used as a mild mood-lifting, relaxing, and traditionally aphrodisiac tea.

Traditional use
Generally low risk

Dandelion

Taraxacum officinale

Nutritious and gently functional; human trials are limited but it is a safe, food-grade bitter.

Traditional use
Generally low risk

Dong Quai

Angelica sinensis

'Female ginseng' — a classic TCM blood tonic used for menstrual and menopausal complaints.

Traditional use
Moderate — observe cautions

Elderflower

Sambucus nigra (flower)

The blossom of the elder (distinct from the berry), a classic gentle tea for feverish colds, sinus congestion, and to encourage sweating.

Traditional use
Generally low risk

Elecampane

Inula helenium

A warming, aromatic root used as an expectorant for wet, stubborn coughs and to support digestion.

Traditional use
Moderate — observe cautions

Guayusa

Ilex guayusa

An Amazonian caffeinated holly leaf used for clean, sustained energy and focus.

Traditional use
Moderate — observe cautions

Haritaki

Terminalia chebula

The 'king of medicines' in Ayurveda — a rejuvenating fruit used mainly for digestion and regularity.

Traditional use
Generally low risk

He Shou Wu (Fo-Ti)

Polygonum multiflorum

A famous TCM longevity/hair-tonic root — but with a serious modern caveat.

Traditional use
High caution — significant risks

Honeysuckle (Jin Yin Hua)

Lonicera japonica

A classic 'heat-clearing' TCM flower for sore throats and feverish colds.

Traditional use
Generally low risk

Horehound

Marrubium vulgare

A bitter herb and old-fashioned cough lozenge used to loosen mucus and calm coughs.

Traditional use
Generally low risk

Horseradish

Armoracia rusticana

A pungent root that clears the sinuses and is used for congestion and as a urinary herb.

Traditional use
Moderate — observe cautions

Horsetail

Equisetum arvense

A silica-rich ancient plant traditionally used as a gentle diuretic and for hair, nails, and connective tissue.

Traditional use
Moderate — observe cautions

Hyssop

Hyssopus officinalis

An aromatic biblical herb used as an expectorant for coughs and a digestive bitter.

Traditional use
Moderate — observe cautions

Jewelweed

Impatiens capensis

A juicy wild plant famously crushed and applied to soothe poison ivy, stinging nettle, and bug bites.

Traditional use
Generally low risk

Jujube (Da Zao)

Ziziphus jujuba

A sweet 'red date' used as a calming, nourishing tonic and harmonizer in TCM formulas.

Traditional use
Generally low risk

Juniper Berry

Juniperus communis

An aromatic berry traditionally used as a urinary and digestive bitter and diuretic.

Traditional use
Moderate — observe cautions

Kola Nut

Cola acuminata

A caffeine-rich West African nut used ceremonially and as a stimulant for energy and appetite control.

Traditional use
Moderate — observe cautions

Lemongrass

Cymbopogon citratus

A citrusy tropical grass used as a calming digestive tea and aromatic.

Traditional use
Generally low risk

Linden (Lime Flower)

Tilia spp.

A fragrant, soothing flower tea used for colds, mild anxiety, and to encourage restful sleep and gentle sweating in fevers.

Traditional use
Generally low risk

Lobelia

Lobelia inflata

'Indian tobacco' — traditionally used as a respiratory antispasmodic; potent and easily overdone.

Traditional use
High caution — significant risks

Long Pepper (Pippali)

Piper longum

A warming Ayurvedic pepper used for sluggish digestion and respiratory congestion, and to boost absorption of other herbs.

Traditional use
Moderate — observe cautions

Manjistha

Rubia cordifolia

A premier Ayurvedic 'blood and lymph mover' used for skin complaints and clearing heat.

Traditional use
Generally low risk

Marshmallow Root

Althaea officinalis

Time-honored soothing herb for irritated throats and guts; limited modern trials.

Traditional use
Generally low risk

Meadowsweet

Filipendula ulmaria

A salicylate-bearing herb (the original source of 'aspirin's' name) used for aches and soothing the stomach.

Traditional use
Moderate — observe cautions

Motherwort

Leonurus cardiaca

A 'lion-hearted' nervine used for palpitations from anxiety, and for menstrual and menopausal complaints.

Traditional use
Moderate — observe cautions

Mugwort

Beware
Artemisia vulgaris

A bitter aromatic used to stimulate digestion and menstruation, and burned as 'moxa' in TCM.

Traditional use
Moderate — observe cautions

Mullein

Verbascum thapsus

Traditional respiratory support; minimal human trial evidence.

Traditional use
Generally low risk

Mustard

Brassica/Sinapis spp.

The biblical mustard seed; warming mustard plasters/foot-baths are a folk remedy for chest congestion and achy joints.

Traditional use
Moderate — observe cautions

Nutmeg

Myristica fragrans

A warming spice used in small amounts for digestion and sleep.

Traditional use
High caution — significant risks

Ophiopogon (Mai Men Dong)

Ophiopogon japonicus

A moistening TCM tuber used for dry coughs, dry throat, and 'yin-deficient' dryness.

Traditional use
Generally low risk

Osha

Ligusticum porteri

A revered Rocky Mountain 'bear root' used for respiratory infections, sore throats, and altitude.

Traditional use
Moderate — observe cautions

Parsley

Petroselinum crispum

A nutritious culinary herb used as a gentle diuretic and breath freshener.

Traditional use
Moderate — observe cautions

Pennyroyal

Mentha pulegium

A pungent mint historically used for digestion and (dangerously) to provoke menstruation.

Traditional use
High caution — significant risks

Plantain (Broadleaf)

Plantago major

Mostly traditional and preclinical support; popular for minor topical first aid.

Traditional use
Generally low risk

Poria

Wolfiporia extensa

A mild fungus (fu ling) used in TCM to drain dampness, calm the spirit, and support digestion and sleep.

Traditional use
Generally low risk

Rehmannia

Rehmannia glutinosa

A foundational TCM kidney/blood tonic (di huang) used for depletion, aging, and women's complaints.

Traditional use
Moderate — observe cautions

Skullcap

Scutellaria lateriflora

A gentle nervine traditionally used to calm nervous tension and support sleep.

Traditional use
Generally low risk

Slippery Elm

Ulmus rubra

A gentle soothing bark with long traditional use; minimal modern trial evidence.

Traditional use
Generally low risk

Suma (Brazilian Ginseng)

Hebanthe eriantha

An Amazonian adaptogenic root ('para todo' — 'for everything') used for stamina and stress resilience.

Traditional use
Generally low risk

Sweet Basil

Ocimum basilicum

The culinary basil, used as a gentle digestive and mildly calming aromatic (distinct from holy basil/tulsi).

Traditional use
Generally low risk

Vervain

Beware
Verbena officinalis

A bitter nervine traditionally used to ease nervous tension, tension headaches, and to wind down.

Traditional use
Generally low risk

White Sage

Beware
Salvia apiana

An aromatic sage used by Indigenous peoples as a respiratory and antimicrobial herb — and ceremonially for 'smudging.'

Traditional use
Moderate — observe cautions

Wild Cherry Bark

Prunus serotina

A classic cough-syrup bark, traditionally used to calm dry, spasmodic coughs.

Traditional use
Moderate — observe cautions

Wood Betony

Betonica officinalis

A grounding nervine traditionally used for tension headaches, nervous exhaustion, and 'too much in the head.'

Traditional use
Generally low risk

Wormwood

Artemisia absinthium

An intensely bitter digestive and traditional anti-parasitic — the botanical behind absinthe.

Traditional use
High caution — significant risks

Yarrow

Achillea millefolium

Strong traditional reputation for minor wound care; little modern human-trial evidence.

Traditional use
Generally low risk

Yellow Dock

Rumex crispus

A bitter root traditionally used as a gentle laxative, 'blood cleanser,' and source of plant iron.

Traditional use
Moderate — observe cautions

Yerba Mansa

Anemopsis californica

A southwestern wetland root used as an antimicrobial for mucous membranes, gums, and wounds.

Traditional use
Moderate — observe cautions

Yerba Santa

Eriodictyon californicum

A 'holy herb' resinous leaf used by California peoples as an expectorant for coughs and chest congestion.

Traditional use
Generally low risk
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